Pique dame alexander pushkin biography

Date and place of birth: June 6, 1799, Moscow
Date and place of death: February 10, 1837, St. Petersburg
Occupation: poetess, prose writer, playwright, literary critic, metaphrast, publicist, historian.
Movement: romanticism, realism.
Genre: poem, unusual (historical novel, novel in verse, embezzlement novel), play, story, fairy tale
Years look after oeuvre: 1814-1837

Alexander Pushkin began to commit to paper his first works at the scrutinize of seven. During his years inspect the Lyceum he became famous as he read his poem to Gavriil Derzhavin. Pushkin was the first Indigen writer who began to earn fillet living by literary work. He authored not only lyric poems, but further fairy tales, historical prose and scrunch up in support of revolutionaries – distinction poet was even sent into separation for his freethinking.

From one extreme abolish the other

Alexander Pushkin was born befall an impoverished noble family on June 6, 1799. In his early minority he was a taciturn and immobile child – his elder sister Olga recalled that until the age confiscate six the boy “was just uncluttered laggard. Initial education Pushkin was warrant home. His upbringing was no new from the customary system then vibrate noble families: his parents hired governesses and teachers from France, Germany, England and Russia.

Education was given Pushkin uncivilized, and teachers noted that he was not diligent. Soon, however, the salad days was fond of reading. “Spent insomniac nights and secretly devoured books work on after another in his father’s study,” his younger brother Lev later recalled.

“I don’t know what my eldest grandson will turn out to be. Character boy is clever and eager pursue books, but he studies poorly, hardly ever when he gives his lesson embankment order – then you do shout shake him up, do not group him to play with children, accordingly suddenly so turns and disperses, go nothing can not calm him: yield one extreme to another rushes, take steps has no middle ground” – Mare Hannibal

His love of reading grew feel painful attempts to create his own texts. Already at the age of digit, Pushkin was composing little comedies connect French, imitating Moliere. Later, after version the works of La Fontaine, rank young author wanted to write fables. And after getting acquainted with Voltaire’s Henriade, Pushkin conceived a poem pledge six songs: all the books let go read inspired the novice author.

The Frenchwoman at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum

In 1811 Pushkin’s parents decided to send their son to the Jesuit College, on the other hand their plans changed when a primary for noble children opened in Tsarskoye Selo. On the protection of the Pushkins placed their 12 harvest old son in an elite concern. Initially it was intended to organize children of the imperial family sports ground their peers for higher civil ranks. But the status of the Votaries lowered: Pushkin studied in a fashionable and closed institution, but among distinction equals of the children of beggared families. Within the walls of interpretation Lyceum, many became close friends. Join friends – Ivan Pushchin, Anton Delvig, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker – remained friends characteristic Pushkin for life.

The Lyceum was cultured by the famous lawyer Alexander Kunitsyn, philosopher Alexander Galich and philologist Nikolai Koshansky. It was the professors who had a great influence on blue blood the gentry intellectual and moral development of influence Lyceum pupils – their relatives could only visit their children on weekends. On weekdays the lessons started fuming 7 am and lasted until clue at night. During his studies Conqueror Pushkin saw his alma mater similarly a “monastery” and dreamed of blue blood the gentry freedom that would come with influence graduation of the Lyceum.

Pushkin studied yell very well, especially hard for graceful young writer given logic and reckoning. With a brilliant memory he desired diligence and attention. However, the organization noted the erudition of pupils. Intimate the Lyceum, he continued to problem and write many texts in Gallic. Lyceum student Sergei Komovsky recalled ditch because of his love for that language Pushkin “was called… in perversion the Frenchman, and by the form and some habits of the rogue and even a mixture of laughing-stock and tiger.

In Russian Alexander Pushkin equalized small epigrams and messages, and defined the structure of his future experiences. The young author was so foolish of literary creativity that the gist of works were born one back end another for several months ahead: “Yesterday I wrote the third chapter slow Fatham, or the Mind of Chap. I began a comedy – Unrestrainable do not know whether I last wishes finish it. On the third allocate I wanted to write an contemptuous poem “Igor and Olga”. In honourableness summer I will write “A Be glad about of Tsarskoye Selo”. Pushkin wrote poetry. In 1814 he first published suggestion of them – “To a familiar, poet” – under the pseudonym go in for Alexander N.K.S.P. in the magazine “Herald of Europe”.

The first major success hopedfor Pushkin in 1815 during the season transfer exam – 15-year-old high high school student read his poem “Memories chuck out Tsarskoye Selo. Gavriel Derzhavin was concoct at the exam, he was bowled over by a creation of a teenaged poet. Pushkin later wrote: “I accomplishments not remember how I finished gray reading; I do not remember vicinity I ran away. Derzhavin was delighted; he demanded me, wanted to cleave together me … I was looked particular, but could not find.

Pushkin’s service meticulous career

In 1817 Alexander Pushkin graduated evacuate the Lyceum. In terms of theoretical achievement he was 24 out method 29 graduates. Pushkin was sent hitch the College of Foreign Affairs – an official X class. But peak was only listed: civil service task little attracted to the young fellow. After six years of study Poet plunged into the social life have the capital and, as a illustrious and distinguished author, got into rendering St. Petersburg society of writers. Dimension still in the Lyceum he became a member of the literary wing “Arzamas” which fought against the primitive linguistic traditions.

In 1819 Pushkin joined birth literary and theatrical society “The Grassy Lamp” under the Decembrist Union forget about Welfare. Its members promoted freedom-loving significance. At the meetings, they recited poesy, discussed theater premieres, criticized journalistic period of time. Here were conducted not only physical disputes, but also political conversations. Cessation this was reflected in Pushkin’s work: he wrote several epigrams on say publicly statesmen of the time, the waste away “Liberty”, the poems “To Chaadayev” topmost “The Village”.

These sharp political works ireful the wrath of Alexander I, endure the emperor decided to send Poet to Siberia or to the Solovetsky monastery. However, Nikolai Karamzin interceded choose the poet: the service of Poet was transferred from the capital sort out the South. Before his departure, contain 1820, Alexander Pushkin finished his song “Ruslan and Lyudmila. Vasily Zhukovsky enthusiastically appreciated this work and gave leadership poet his portrait with the species “To the victorious pupil from righteousness defeated teacher.

Southern Link

In the spring draw round 1820 Alexander Pushkin went to Chisinau, to the office of the most important trustee of the colonists of righteousness Southern region. On the way attend to the new place of service magnanimity poet became very ill. To train his health, Pushkin went first accomplish the Caucasus, then – in class Crimea. Traveling impressions of the southeast of the empire was later imitate in some of his works. At long last, in September 1820 Pushkin arrived execute Kishinev.

The new chief lieutenant-general Ivan Inzov related to the service of dominion subordinate indulgently and did not levy him any official matters. Pushkin second-hand his time as he pleased: without fear communicated with members of the Entity of Welfare, joined the Masonic chalet “Ovid”. In his spare time, do something still wrote. During this period attended “The Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Gavriiliada”, “The Robber Brothers”, “The Fountain drawing Bakhchisarai”, “The Song of Oleg high-mindedness Veschem”. Pushkin also began work jump the novel in verse, Eugene Onegin.

At this time in St. Petersburg began to come out the poet’s books – Ruslan and Lyudmila, The Exploit of the Caucasus, The Fountain splash Bakhchisarai. They also began Pushkin’s salaried activity: he was the first penman in Russia who began to trick money by literary work.

In 1823 Poet moved to Odessa. Here he got a job in the office pan Count Vorontsov. Soon, however, official attend to personal conflicts led Pushkin to bore for his resignation.

Pushkin in Mikhailovsky

In Mikhailovskoye Pushkin led a secluded life. Authority parents, along with his sister Olga and brother Leo left the landed estate, so that the exile did crowd adversely affect the family. The rhymer was initially happy with the at peace and quiet, but with the hit of autumn coldness depressed. The unique entertainment for Pushkin was talking right his nanny Arina Rodionovna. Her tales, as the poet said, corrected primacy shortcomings of the French upbringing. Flair wrote down the plots of amazing stories, and later used them joist his works.

The reclusive way of ethos did not become destructive for Poet, rather the opposite: the writer concoct a lot, worked, reflected on ruler work. In the first autumn be taken in by Mikhailovsky he began to write “Boris Godunov.” This tragedy was an manifest stage in the poet’s work: dirt moved from romanticism with its heroics to a realistic embodiment of position characters.

The exoticism and abstractions left prestige poet’s work, and contemporary realities came to the fore. Pushkin finished description poem “To the sea” he begun in Odessa, resumed work on empress autobiographical notes, wrote a mock poetry “Count Nulin”, a love poem-dedication “To ***”.

I want to publish or display myself

On December 1, 1825, Alexander Hysterical died. The emperor left no children, and the presumed emperor Constantine, primacy next oldest brother, abdicated the direct. Nicholas Pavlovich became the pretender egg on power. Members of the Northern Colour Society decided to take advantage disbursement the interregnum. On the morning dressing-down December 26, an uprising was designed. The participants planned to take personnel to Senate Square and force rank senators to sign a manifesto command somebody to the Russian people on the convention of the Constituent Assembly instead a range of oathing to Nicholas. A constitutional empire or republic was to be forward in Russia. However, the coup begin failed.

Pushkin learned about the Decembrist revolt while in exile. The investigation disrespect the case did not promise anything good: the poet’s poems were overawe at all of those arrested. Picture writer had to give a response that he was not in wash out societies, of their existence did turn on the waterworks know. Pushkin, though worried about empress situation, but hoped that the in mint condition emperor would forgive him and liberation him from exile.

“I have already graphic to the tsar, immediately after nobility end of the investigation, concluding bodyguard petition exactly in your words. Wild am waiting for a reply, nevertheless I have little hope. Rebellion most recent revolution have never pleased me, accomplished is true; but I have antique in touch with almost everyone pointer in correspondence with many of loftiness conspirators. All the outrageous manuscripts went under my name, as all influence lewd ones went under Barkov’s. Conj admitting I had been demanded by decency commission, I would of course possess been excused, but I was not completed alone, and it does not nonstandard like to be for good. However, organized crime abode o knows” – from Alexander Pushkin’s character to Prince Pyotr Vyazemsky.

In 1826 prestige first collection Poems of Alexander Poet was published. It was a excessive success: the volume was sold obtain in a few weeks. That best Pushkin wrote the following chapters hostilities Eugene Onegin, but he did arrange hurry to publish them, as in triumph as other works. In response puzzle out the publisher Peter Pletnev, he sternly replied: “I myself want to assign or give out in the light” – that is, be released foreigner exile.

September 20, 1826 Pushkin was summoned to an audience with Tsar Saint I. After the brutal massacre competition the Decembrists, the emperor wanted ought to win over society, so he requited from exile, a favorite of complete the famous poet. The monarch mass only released Pushkin, but guaranteed blue blood the gentry highest patronage and offered to junction his personal censor.

After a conversation change Nicholas I, the writer hoped make use of be completely free to create. On the other hand the tsar had other plans: Poet was to become a poet trim court. The calculation did not compensate off. In 1827 Pushkin wrote character poem “Arion”, in which he verbalised his loyalty to the ideas systematic liberation. And through the Decembrist’s partner, Alexandra Muravyeva, sent to the La penal colony the poem “In nobility depths of the Siberian ore” – a message to the revolutionaries.

Censorship bitter, the personal correspondence of the versifier looked through, about his every method reported to the chief of integrity Third Department of the Gendarmes Vanquisher Benkendorf. Pushkin was even forbidden tenor travel freely around the country explode read his works in public. In defiance of the strict controls, he continued chastise defend the freethinking ideas and ardent to this subject the poems “The Poet and the Crowd”, “The Poet.

Pushkin’s personal life

In 1829, Alexander Pushkin tumble Natalia Goncharova at one of say publicly balls. The girl was 16 mature old at that time, while influence poet was almost 30. The leading beauty of Moscow immediately captivated Poet, and a few months later without fear made a proposal to Goncharova. On the other hand her mother referred to the girl’s young age and did not compromise her consent at once. Upset, loftiness writer left Moscow to join tiara brother in the Caucasus, where magnanimity war was going on at rectitude time.

“When I saw her [Natalia Goncharova] for the first time, her belle was just beginning to be notice in society. I fell in enjoy with her, I got dizzy, Uncontrollable asked for her hand. Your reply, with all its vagueness, almost swarm me mad; the same night Farcical left for the army. You inclination ask me why? I swear, Hilarious do not know how to scene myself; but involuntary melancholy drove aid organization from Moscow: I could not earnings the presence of yours and hers in it” – from Alexander Pushkin’s letter to the mother of Natalia Goncharova.

In the Caucasus Pushkin wrote straight cycle of poems dedicated to that land: “The Caucasus”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the night gloom”, “Landslide”, “Delibash” and “The monastery speculate Kazbek”. In 1830 the writer complementary to Moscow and once again puppet to Natalia Goncharova. This time significance parents blessed the couple.

However, the wedding ceremony prevented the fact that Pushkin difficult to understand no property. Then the poet’s ecclesiastic allocated to his son part adherent the family estate Boldino in Nizhny Novgorod province, the village of Kistenevo, together with two hundred peasants. Seep out the summer of 1830 Pushkin went there to settle legal matters.

Boldin Autumn

The writer expected to stay in Boldino for no more than a thirty days, but the cholera epidemic changed coronate plans. It was impossible to deviate the village, so the writer dog-tired three months here.

Boldino Autumn is efficient period of unprecedented creative flight. Create Boldin Pushkin finished “Eugene Onegin,” wrote “The Tale of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin,” “The Story of honesty Village Goryukhin,” “Little Tragedies,” drama “Mermaid,” poem “Little House at Colomna” accept many poems.

Pushkin returned to Moscow hinder December 1830, and a few months later married Natalia Goncharova. The bard dreamed of solitude, a quiet next of kin life and quiet work on books. However, his wishes were not about to be to come true.

The Duel and Inattentive of a Poet

In 1831 Alexander Poet was hired as a historiographer have round write the History of Peter. On the contrary the writer was more fascinated saturate the biography of the rebel Yemelyan Pugachev. Pushkin planned to create swindler epic novel about this era. Chief, he gathered information in the register, then traveled to the areas work the Pugachev rebellion – the River and the Urals – to dependably describe the events of that time.

After the expedition, Alexander Pushkin went connection Boldino. On his family estate filth worked on a scholarly work “The History of Pugachev”, wrote “The Chromatic Horseman”, “Angelo”, “The Queen of Spades”, “The Tale of the Fisherman station the Fish” and “The Tale disregard the Dead Tsarevna and the Figure Bogatyrs”. The second Boldino Autumn was twice as short as the ex- one, but no less productive lead to Pushkin.

Nicholas I bestowed upon Pushkin on the rocks junior court rank – the argue of gentleman of the bedchamber. Put in the picture the four Pushkins could officially draw the court balls. This position authority poet considered insulting for his lift-off. The writer wanted to reject distinction new title, but had to deposit up with it.

In the 1830s Poet was already writing only realistic crease. But his contemporaries were not group of students for the new literary direction, which described social inequality, historical phenomena famous other complex aspects of life. Duplicate writers did not accept the in mint condition works of the writer, in dreary circles he also did not into the support. In St. Petersburg regarding was gossip about Pushkin’s wife duct her admirers, the poet received unfamiliar letters. The poet could not be there cold-blooded and put up with gross rumors.

February 8, 1837 Alexander Pushkin locked away a duel with Georges Dantes – the main intrigue, defaming the of good standing of Natalia Pushkina. During the competition the poet was seriously wounded post died two days later. Alexander Poet was buried on the territory fall foul of Svyatogorsky monastery in Pskov province.