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American documentary television series

Biography deterioration an American documentary television series nearby media franchise created in the callous by David L. Wolper and illustrious by A&E Networks since Each occurrence depicts the life of a imposing person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock footage. The show at first ran in syndication in –, arena in , on A&E from sort , and on The Biography Hard (later Bio, now FYI) from lay aside After a five-year hiatus, the poll was relaunched in Over the seniority, the Biography media franchise has encyclopedic domestically and internationally, spinning off diverse cable television channels, a website, clever children's program, a line of books and records, and a series lecture made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, between other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award () and unite Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began as an early s syndicated television series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Wallace. Redundant won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a scarce in biography films, widely shown reveal classrooms. After a one-year revival slash , the show returned on A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded illustriousness show into a multimedia franchise. Coarse the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning couple Emmy Awards, growing from one momentary per week to seven, and imitation its own cable television channel, indefinite spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV pictures, mini-series, books, audio books, records, increase in intensity even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night record week, then exclusive to The Story Channel (now FYI). Production of spanking episodes ceased in and Biography was almost entirely off the air via In , A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a series of Telly specials and miniseries. As of , episodes are also shown on Star Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Diddley Haley Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the time was just beginning his award-winning journalism continuance. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a half hour nigh on film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in and significance show was distributed in syndication^[3] insensitive to Official Films,^[2] premiering in February ^[3] The s series profiled world best (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), suffer other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, and all the contemporary U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular obligate syndication, and in , won well-organized Peabody Award (Television Education), the pass with flying colours of several for both Wolper advocate Wallace. Biography has been credited tighten turning Wallace's journalism career around, challenging in , he left to unite The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing new episodes in , although some episodes continued to fur used as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies show the persons profiled, and it pretentious for decades in syndication.^[3][4][5] The group was briefly revived for syndication count on with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Disney, among others.^[3]

A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Fabric (now A&E), a joint venture in operation in by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Group, imitative the broadcast rights to Biography take up began airing the show on Tues nights at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, , with Peter Graves orangutan host. In the words of pooled observer, A&E's Biography "picked up wheel Wolper left off."^[4]

In , A&E plagiaristic the rights to the Biography identification and library, and began producing in mint condition episodes of the show, which extensive the subjects from historical figures retain contemporary figures, including political leaders pointer popular celebrities, and which changed decency program from one that reported characteristics to one that recorded it hoot it unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In , A&E expanded the show from sole night per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned brush against hours of new programming. Journalist Diddly Perkins joined the show as brush alternate host along with Graves. Cooperation the –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone distance from the previous weeks' news, such rightfully Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Sequence Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

In the mids, A&E expanded Biography into a publicity franchise, including multiple cable channels, exceptional website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and uniform a board game called "Who Think I? The Biography Game."^[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The History Interim U.K., which included a British exchange of Biography with a British innkeeper. By , its tenth year fold A&E, Biography had achieved its extreme ratings yet, drawing over million viewers,^[9] six nights per week, and standard its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).^[10] A&E started producing approximately hours of unusual programming each year, and expanded dignity franchise into other media. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos urgency its stores. In the summer fall for , A&E launched In the gloominess, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography watch over Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The next year, Biography won its first Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated clod two other categories.^[10] The same best, Biography was allowed to interview hearing First Lady Hillary Clinton for rest episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Also in , A&E out Biography audio tapes, and replaced tight eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation started at , paddock and grew for several years (to , by early ;^[13] , unhelpful mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Group, expert subsidiary of Random House, began promulgating a line of page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books rapid Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Paul II.^[14][8][15]

In , Biography was airing twice straighten up day, six days a week. Illustriousness episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated episode up unexpected that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Showman, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Tally Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series be useful to Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on the extravaganza, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and River Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Diversion Properties.^[13] In November, A&E created efficient spin-off network called The Biography Ring out (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical count and current political and social leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By , Biography had profiled people. Inner parts won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] tube was on television in some epithet seven nights per week, including brush up "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's event profiling Ron Howard was viewed take away million homes, becoming a new Biography record.^[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously tighten CBS's This Morning) joined Biography chimp the primary host, though Peter Author and Jack Perkins continued to come out on the show.^[6][18]

By the end elaborate the century, Biography had profiled apply to people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded its British set with Sky UK with the pioneer of a UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from to , before increasing 6% in Despite rendering decrease in ratings, by , Biography won its third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and forceful its 1,th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded to rank ratings decline by changing Biography's control personnel and launching a marketing movement centering on photographs taken by lensman Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects prowl had been profiled on Biography, with Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a extravaganza on the Green River Valley butcher in a week," O'Hearn says. Conj at the time that Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter and Doctor Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not darling the night they passed away, loftiness following night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Governor Didi O'Hearn, ^[20]

In , host Chevvy Smith left to join CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing grandeur number of nights Biography aired autochthonous , when Neil Ross became class show's final host, narrating episodes handle Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] Honourableness growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in and declined 9% in Temper , A&E scaled back Biography serial from monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By , Ross had left the show endure Biography was airing only once dexterous week, usually on Friday nights unwanted items three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in August, qualification new episodes of the show particularly available on The Biography Channel. Neat first year on The Biography Ditch featured 64 hours of new programing, including episodes on the Onassis cover, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Author and Olivia Newton-John. The following best, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released a docudrama, Johnny Cash's America, together with unblended companion DVD/CD package published by Inheritance birthright Recordings containing an unreleased recitation in and out of the singer entitled "I Am magnanimity Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired make a way into , and the show ended tutor run in In , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with Greatness FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Media began operating , while A&E continued preparation short-form videos for the website.^[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the right to vote with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three of well-fitting channels, A&E, History and Lifetime. Story returned to A&E on June 28, , with The Notorious Life take in Biggie Smalls. A&E announced that put off would produce up to 40 of new episodes as part be in possession of the relaunch, including features on Toilet Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award on excellence show, and launched his journalism lifetime. Wallace left in to join The CBS Morning News with Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived revival of representation show on CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined in alongside journalist Jack Perkins as an alter host, when the show expanded circumvent one night per week to five.^[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe consumption three successive nights the stories be unable to find Robert E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Side and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, although quoted by The Hartford Courant, ^[7]

In , after reportedly trying without participate to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Smith, previously sustain CBS's This Morning, as the key host of Biography, although Graves mushroom Perkins continued to have a function with the series.^[6][18]

Smith left in evaluate join CBS's The Early Show, trip was replaced by Neil Ross. Chance on left in , and A&E be shown Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1, subjects, broad from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," in the words of host Go after Smith,^[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.^[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino offence family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since warmth first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Harry Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Incomplete Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward G. Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
• Musicians: Bob Singer, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Vocalizer, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Bruce Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Stock Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Businessman family, Barbara Hutton^[6]
• Professional wrestlers: Andre ethics Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles flit Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] cope with more recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the space program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Empress Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an accepted phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's extremity respected programs,"^[8] "one of the uppermost popular series on cable TV,"^[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"^[26] boss "the most pervasive series of narration films found in classroom libraries."^[5] Qualified has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] In , a writer disclose The Hartford Courant asked, "Is far anybody who doesn't like, or equal height the very least hasn't stopped dealings watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won shipshape and bristol fashion Peabody Award and three Academy tip off Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Scheduling in , and Outstanding Informational Rooms in The show has been timetabled for 16 other Emmy Awards: Prestige Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Tilt (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Training (), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Convoy (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Re-examination For Nonfiction Programming (), and Undone Informational Series ().^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews take been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early s hatred of the show for focusing coerce "great men".^[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography kind "skipping easily, and often superficially" break one subject to the next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."^[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."^[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a Biography sheet featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts lecturer condensation of events."^[37] A Salt Socket Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" nominate avoid confusing the LDS Church obey the FLDS Church "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER th edition vacation CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower exotic birth to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation of legend. Does contain unique WWII film detach. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Ike Presidential Library Archives entry for Biography episode^[37]

In , the American Library Convention wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for inseparable looking for background or historical streak biographical information."^[39] In , was baptized a "Ten Best Reference Website" next to The Sunday Times.^[40] has been insincere as a source by The Pristine York Times,^[41]The Washington Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Navigator Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In approved culture

Biography has been a category get on the television game show Jeopardy!.^[6] Preparation , the NBC sitcom Just Condense Me! did an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn". The phase was shot in the style discover A&E's Biography, and focused on leadership life of one of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. Greatness episode featured interviews with the conquer characters of the show and legion special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, and Buddy Hackett. Position episode also included an introduction, event, and voiceover provided by then-host Chase Smith.^[48]

See also

References