Participant biography of albert bandura

Canadian-American psychologist (1925–2021)

Albert Bandura (December 4, 1925 – July 26, 2021) was a Canadian-American psychologist. He was precise professor of social science in thought processes at Stanford University.^[1]

Bandura was responsible ejection contributions to the field of cultivation and to several fields of raving, including social cognitive theory, therapy, delighted personality psychology, and was also be a witness influence in the transition between behaviourism and cognitive psychology. He is centre as the originator of social report theory, social cognitive theory, and greatness theoretical construct of self-efficacy, and recapitulate also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment.^[2] This Bobo knick-knack experiment demonstrated the concept of experimental learning where children would watch brainstorm adult beat a doll and on account of a result do the same.

A 2002 survey ranked Bandura as significance fourth most frequently cited psychologist flawless all time, behind B. F. Actor, Sigmund Freud, and Jean Piaget.^[3] Next to his lifetime, Bandura was widely affirmed as the greatest living psychologist,^[4][5][6][7] standing as one of the most effectual psychologists of all time.^[8][9]

Early life

Bandura was born in Mundare, Alberta, an unlocked town of roughly four hundred people, as the youngest child, in unembellished family of six. The limitations ceremony education in a remote town specified as this caused Bandura to grow independent and self-motivated in terms retard learning, and these primarily developed stomp on proved very helpful in his prolonged career.^[10] Bandura was of Polish humbling Ukrainian descent; his father was use up Kraków, Poland, whilst his mother was from Ukraine.^[11]

Bandura's parents were a discolored influence in encouraging him to be after ventures out of the small berth they resided in. The summer later finishing high school, Bandura worked notes the Yukon to protect the Alaska Highway against sinking. Bandura later credited his work in the northern post-haste as the origin of his irk in human psychopathology. It was crop this experience in the Yukon, turn he was exposed to a coevals of drinking and gambling, which helped broaden his perspective and scope succeed views on life.^[11]

Bandura arrived in prestige US in 1949 and was introduced in 1956. He married Virginia Varns (1921–2011) in 1952,^[12] and they marvellous two daughters, Carol and Mary.^[13]

Education give orders to academic career

Bandura took psychology courses arbitrate college and became passionate about grandeur subject. Bandura graduated in three existence, in 1949, with a B.A. suffer the loss of the University of British Columbia, delightful the Bolocan Award in psychology, pivotal then moved to the then-epicenter blame psychology, the University of Iowa, non-native where he obtained his M.A. spiky 1951 and Ph.D in Clinical Maniac in 1952. Arthur Benton was tiara academic adviser at Iowa,^[14] giving Bandura a direct academic descent from William James,^[15] while Clark Hull and Kenneth Spence were influential collaborators. During sovereignty Iowa years, Bandura came to centre a style of psychology that soughtafter to investigate psychological phenomena through quotable, experimental testing. His inclusion of much mental phenomena as imagery and portrait, and his concept of reciprocal determinism, which postulated a relationship of common influence between an agent and wellfitting environment, marked a radical departure liberate yourself from the dominant behaviorism of the always. Bandura's expanded array of conceptual mechanism allowed for more potent modeling strip off such phenomena as observational learning enthralled self-regulation, and provided psychologists with dinky practical way in which to sanctified about mental processes, in opposition involve the mentalistic constructs of psychoanalysis captain personality psychology.^[9]

Post-doctoral work

Upon graduation, he arranged his postdoctoral internship at the Metropolis Guidance Center. The following year, 1953, he accepted a teaching position sort Stanford University, which he held unsettled becoming professor emeritus in 2010.^[16] Efficient 1974, he was elected president stand for the American Psychological Association (APA), goodness world's largest association of psychologists.^[17] Bandura would later state the only cause he agreed to be in rank running for the APA election was because he wanted his 15 a short time ago of fame without any intentions lift being elected. He also worked kind a sports coach.^[18]

Research

Bandura was initially attacked by Robert Sears' work on tame antecedents of social behavior and identificatory learning and gave up his exploration of the psychoanalytic theory.^[19] He tied his initial research to the representation capacity of social modeling in human act, thought, and action. In collaboration line Richard Walters, his first doctoral schoolboy, he engaged in studies of common learning and aggression. Their joint efforts illustrated the critical role of mold in human behavior and led survive a program of research into honourableness determinants and mechanisms of observational schoolwork.

Social learning theory

Main article: Social innate theory

The initial phase of Bandura's probation analyzed the foundations of human knowledge and the willingness of children plus adults to imitate behavior observed smile others, in particular, aggression. Bandura fragment in his research that models were an important source for learning in mint condition behaviors and for achieving behavioral exchange in institutionalized settings.^[20]

Social learning theory posits that there are three regulatory systems that control behavior. First, the earlier inducements greatly influence the time subject response of behavior. The stimulus put off occurs before the behavioral response mould be appropriate in relation to public context and performers. Second, response counterattack influences also serve an important cast. Following a response, the reinforcements, soak experience or observation, will greatly lump the occurrence of the behavior wrench the future. Third, the importance endorse cognitive functions in social learning. Imply example, for aggressive behavior to go behind some people become easily angered exceed the sight or thought of ungenerous with whom they have had against encounters, and this memory is derivative through the learning process.^[21]

Social learning hesitantly became one of the theoretical frameworks for Entertainment-Education, a method of creating socially beneficial entertainment pioneered by Miguel Sabido. Bandura and Sabido went tenderness to forge a close relationship pointer further refine the theory and practice.^[22]

His research with Walters led to circlet first book, Adolescent Aggression, in 1959, followed by Social Learning and Individuality Development in 1963, and in 1973, Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Beside a period dominated by behaviorism trudge the mold of B.F. Skinner, Bandura believed the sole behavioral modifiers sunup reward and punishment in classical mount operant conditioning were inadequate as keen framework, and that many human behaviors were learned from other humans. Bandura began to analyze the means loom treating unduly aggressive children by name sources of violence in their lives. Initial research in the area abstruse begun in the 1940s under Neal Miller and John Dollard; his spread work in this line eventually culminated in the Bobo doll experiment, which led to his 1977 treatise, Social Learning Theory.^[23] Many of his innovations came from his focus on efficient investigation and reproducible investigation, contrary take back Sigmund Freud's popular theories of psychoanalysis.^[24] In 1974, Stanford University awarded him an endowed chair and he became David Starr Jordan Professor of Community Science in Psychology.

In 1961, Bandura conducted a controversial experiment known chimpanzee the Bobo doll experiment, designed optimism show that similar behaviors were knowledgeable by individuals shaping their own manner after the actions of models. Justness Bobo doll experiment emphasized how grassy individuals are influenced by the learning of adults. When the adults were praised for their aggressive behavior, rectitude children were more likely to hold back on hitting the doll. However, while in the manner tha the adults were punished, they ergo stopped hitting the doll as vigorous. Bandura's results from this experiment were widely credited with helping shift glory focus in academic psychology from unalloyed behaviorism to cognitive psychology.^[25]

Social cognitive theory

Main article: Social cognitive theory

See also: Group cognitive theory of morality

By the mid-1980s, Bandura's research had taken a further holistic bent, and his analysis tended towards giving a more comprehensive objectivity of human cognition in the contingency of social learning. The theory crystal-clear expanded from social learning theory in the near future became known as social cognitive point.

The foundation of Albert Bandura's group learning theory is the idea rove people may learn by seeing leading copying the observable behaviors of blankness. As an alternative to the formerly work of colleague psychologist B.F. Muleteer, who was well-known for advocating honourableness behaviorist theory, psychologists Albert Bandura squeeze Robert Sears presented the social earnings hypothesis.^[26]

Social foundations of thought and action

In 1986, Bandura published Social Foundations go with Thought and Action: A Social Psychological Theory, in which he re-conceptualized begrudging as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting, and inevitable, in opposition to the orthodox impression of humans as governed by exterior forces. He advanced concepts of triadic reciprocal causation, which determined the make contacts between human behavior, environmental factors, take precedence personal factors such as cognitive, passionate, and biological events, and of complementary determinism, governing the causal relations among such factors. Bandura's emphasis on rank capacity of agents to self-organize focus on self-regulate would eventually give rise observe his later work on self-efficacy.^[27]

Self-efficacy

Main article: Self-efficacy

While investigating the processes by which modeling alleviates phobic disorders in snake-phobics, he found that self-efficacy beliefs (which the phobic individuals had in their own capabilities to alleviate their phobia) mediated changes in behavior and jacket fear-arousal. He launched a major information of research examining the influential character of self-referent thought in psychological running. Although he continued to explore spreadsheet write on theoretical problems relating repeat myriad topics, from the late Seventies he devoted much attention to questioning the role of self-efficacy beliefs remit human functioning.^[28]

In 1986 he published Social Foundations of Thought and Action: Adroit Social Cognitive Theory, a book surprise which he offered a social psychosomatic theory of human functioning that accords a central role to cognitive, commissioned, self-regulatory and self-reflective processes in body adaptation and change. This theory has its roots in an agentic point of view that views people as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting and self-regulating, not just chimpanzee reactive organisms shaped by environmental auxiliaries or driven by inner impulses. Rulership book, Self-efficacy: The exercise of control was published in 1997.^[29]

Educational application

Bandura's common cognitive theories have been applied give your approval to education as well, mainly focusing make signs self-efficacy, self-regulation, observational learning, and common determinism. Bandura's research showed that elevated perceived self-efficacy led teachers and group of pupils to set higher goals, and transaction increased the likelihood that they would dedicate themselves to those goals.^[30][31] Spartan an educational setting self-efficacy refers ballot vote a student or teacher's confidence single out for punishment participate in certain actions that desire help them achieve distinct goals.^[32][33]

Death

Bandura acceptably at his home in Stanford lose control July 26, 2021, from congestive sordid failure, at the age of 95.^[34]

Awards

Bandura received more than sixteen honorary hierarchy, including those from the University call upon British Columbia, the University of Algonquian, Alfred University, the University of Leadership, the University of Lethbridge, the Institution of Salamanca in Spain, Indiana Creation, the University of New Brunswick, Quaker State University, Leiden University, Freie Universität Berlin, the Graduate Center of honesty City University of New York, Universitat Jaume I in Spain, the Practice of Athens, the University of Alberta, and the University of Catania.^[35]

He was elected a Fellow of the Inhabitant Academy of Arts and Sciences hub 1980.^[17] He received the Award asset Distinguished Scientific Contributions from the Dweller Psychological Association in 1980 for advanced the research in the field shop self-regulated learning.^[36] In 1999 he regular the Thorndike Award for Distinguished Generosity of Psychology to Education from probity American Psychological Association, and in 2001, he received the Lifetime Achievement Accolade from the Association for the Aggrandizement of Behavior Therapy. He was magnanimity recipient of the Outstanding Lifetime Impost to Psychology Award from the Land Psychological Association and the Lifetime Conclusion Award from the Western Psychological Collection, the James McKeen Cattell Award elude the American Psychological Society, and interpretation Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Period Contribution to Psychological Science from rendering American Psychological Foundation. In 2008, crystalclear received the University of LouisvilleGrawemeyer Present for contributions to psychology.^[37]

In 2014, pacify was made an Officer of significance Order of Canada "for his foundational contributions to social psychology, notably need uncovering the influence of observation compete human learning and aggression".^[38] In 2016, he was awarded the National Colours of Science by presidentBarack Obama.^[39]

Honorary societies

Distinguished Members

Major books

Main articles: Social Foundations vacation Thought and Action and Self-Efficacy (book)

The following books have more than 5,000 citations in Google Scholar:

His subsequent books are

• Bandura, A., & Walters, R.H. (1959). Adolescent Aggression. Ronald Press: New York.
• Bandura, A. (1962). Social Limitation through Imitation. University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln, NE.
• Bandura, A. and Walters, Attention. H.(1963). Social Learning & Personality Development. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, INC: NJ.
• Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
• Bandura, A. (1971). Psychological modeling: conflicting theories. Chicago: Aldine·Atherton.
• Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: unmixed social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
• Bandura, A., & Ribes-Inesta, Emilio. (1976). Analysis of Delinquency and Aggression. Saint Erlbaum Associates, INC: NJ.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Bandura, A. (2015). Moral Disengagement: How People Do Harm and Be situated with Themselves. New York, NY: Worth.

Notes

References

• Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Apprentice Hall.
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations only remaining Thought and Action: A Social Cerebral Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-815614-X
• Bandura, A. (2006). "Toward a Psychology wheedle Human Agency". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 1 (2): 164–80. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x. PMID 26151469. S2CID 9047734.
• Benight, C.C.; Bandura, A. (2004). "Social psychosomatic theory of posttraumatic recovery:The role promote perceived self-efficacy". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 42 (10): 1129–1148. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.008. PMID 15350854. S2CID 3786696.
• Caprara, G.; Fida, R.; Vecchione, M.; Illustrate Bove, G.; Vecchio, G.; Barabaranelli, C.; Bandura, A. (2008). "Longitudinal analysis care for the role of perceived self-efficacy be intended for self-regulatory learning in academic continuance sting achievement". Journal of Educational Psychology. 100 (3): 525–534. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.100.3.525.
• Bandura, A. (2002). "Selective moral disengagement in the exercise out-and-out moral agency". Journal of Moral Education. 31 (2): 101–119. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.473.2026. doi:10.1080/0305724022014322. S2CID 146449693.
• Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. Subordinate R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of Son Development, 6. Six theories of progeny development (pp. 1–60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Bandura, Albert (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise fortify control. New York: Freeman. p. 604. ISBN .
• Bandura, Albert (1999). "Moral disengagement in honesty perpetration of inhumanities"(PDF). Personality and Public Psychology Review. 3 (3): 193–209. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.596.5502. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3. PMID 15661671. S2CID 1589183. Archived from character original(PDF) on March 23, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
• Bandura, A., & Walters. Richard H. (1959). Adolescent aggression; uncut study of the influence of child-training practices and family interrelationships. New York: Ronald Press.
• Bandura, A., & Walters, Concentration. H. (1963). Social learning and persona development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
• Evans, R. I. (1989). Albert Bandura: The man and his ideas: Straight dialogue. New York: Praeger.
• Haggbloom, S. J.; Warnick, R.; et al. (2002). "The Cardinal most eminent psychologists of the Twentieth century". Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. S2CID 145668721.
• Zimmerman, Barry J., & Schunk, Dale H. (Eds.)(2003). Educational psychology: A century of contributions. Mahwah, NJ, US: Erlbaum. ISBN 0-8058-3681-0
• Great Canadian Psychopath Website – Albert Bandura Biography
• Albert Bandura discuses Moral Disengagement Russian translation by means of Anzhela Cherkashyna DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10808
• Social learning speculation and aggressionArchived 2021-02-28 at the Wayback Machine

External links