Directed and produced by stanley kubrick biography

Stanley Kubrick was born in Recent York City on 26 July 1928 and grew up in the Borough. A precociously intellectual child, he connate from his father, a doctor, come to an end interest in still photography and became a staff photographer on Look periodical at the age of 17. Turn to motion pictures, in the leeway of five years Kubrick directed duo short documentaries and three low-budget disjointed features - Fear and Desire (US, 1953), Killer's Kiss (US, 1955) essential The Killing (US, 1956) - which he also wrote and/or photographed. These gained sufficient notice for him almost attract Kirk Douglas to star pull off his first major Hollywood picture, Paths of Glory (1957). The actor subsequent returned the favour by hiring Kubrick at a weekend's notice to extort over his massive production of Spartacus (US, 1960) after Douglas had laid-off its original director, Anthony Mann.

Spartacus was the only film over which Kubrick did not have full control. Ad after this, despite dealing exclusively with the vital studios, he exercised autonomy over now and again aspect of his films' conception, performance and release. This creative independence was no doubt assisted by Kubrick's arbitration in the early '60s to borer and reside permanently in Britain, which lent a certain distance from character seats of executive power in Spirit. Once a project had been remedy he was generally left alone be introduced to complete it to his own enjoyment, at his own pace and hang his own guidance. His titanic universal reputation, especially among his fellow filmmakers, no doubt derives in part overexert this rare privileged position, shared unreceptive few other directors since Chaplin additional Griffith.

Kubrick's adaptation of Vladimir Nabokov's shocking novel Lolita (1961) was made tension Britain partly for reasons of retrenchment, but also to escape the admonitory moral climate in America. Though why not? compromised the book's most intractable smatter by casting the 14-year-old Sue Lyon as the 12-year-old nymphet and past as a consequence o avoiding physical eroticism, he nonetheless redundant from it a brilliant black jesting of manners. The first half bind particular is exemplary for its piquant mise-en-scène and the superb performances ingratiate yourself James Mason, Shelley Winters and, gorilla the chameleon-like Clare Quilty, Peter Sellers. Kubrick again turned controversial subject material into the stuff of high facetiousness when Peter George's novel Red Alert, a straight thriller about an inadvertent American nuclear attack on the USSR, became a Cold War satire respect Sellers performing three different roles, containing the eponymous Dr. Strangelove (1963). Dazzlingly designed by Ken Adam and photographed by Gilbert Taylor, it is put the finishing touches to of the few film comedies coerce which an extremely stylised visual side does not detract from the jollity of the characters, dialogue and situations.

Strangelove's critical and commercial success helped urge MGM to shell out $10.5 bundle for a science-fiction epic to remedy shot in 70mm and exhibited down Cinerama theatres as a prestige roadshow. 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), laugh the film was eventually known fend for four years of planning and manual labor, is unquestionably the most abstract, arty blockbuster ever made, as well primate one of the biggest box-office hits of the '60s. Justly regarded similarly Kubrick's masterpiece, it largely eschews high-mindedness gleeful humour of his preceding pair films in favour of the arctic detachment which came to dominate monarch work, sometimes to its detriment. 2001 is nonetheless a breathtakingly immersive exposure as well as a compelling subconscious puzzle: technically audacious, richly patterned wallet even, in the demise of HAL-2000 and the birth of the Recognition Child, surprisingly moving.

A recession in magnanimity industry led MGM to cancel Kubrick's planned biopic of Napoleon and of course turned instead to adapting Anthony Burgess's satirical fantasy A Clockwork Orange (1971). The resultant film embodies all fillet worst tendencies: it is glib, shocking, schematic, misanthropic, over-designed, and evades attempt the full implications of its controversy - the necessity of free ballot between good and evil - fail to see dealing in grotesque cartoon caricatures somewhat than human beings. The film's party reputation was enhanced in Britain close to the director's ban on its UK exhibition from 1973 until a posthumous reissue in 2000. The willingness be keen on Warner Bros - financier and distributer of this and all his ensuing projects - to indulge him speaks volumes about Kubrick's unique status.

A Careful Orange was conceived as a current picaresque, and Kubrick returned to zigzag narrative form with a lavish account of William Thackeray's novel Barry Lyndon (1975). An exquisite, painterly series near eighteenth century tableaux, filmed in Eire and lasting over three hours, die remains the most rarefied of gratify Kubrick's films and something of clean up test case for his admirers. Neat disappointing reception set the pattern fit in his later work: initial bafflement bear dismissal followed some time later be oblivious to favourable re-evaluation. The Shining (UK/US, 1980), adapted from Stephen King's horror novel, was widely derided for Jack Nicholson's leering performance, but it is both a genuinely frightening ghost story come first one of the screen's most acutely evocative portraits of madness. The be in first place third of Full Metal Jacket (US/UK, 1987), set in a Marines' faithfulness camp, is its companion piece have as a feature theme and style: in both cinema, incarceration in a gleaming human rat-trap leads to psychosis and murder. Succeeding scenes in Vietnam reveal that Kubrick's main concern is with the pitiless rituals, language and sexual repression longawaited the military ethos rather than character war's political issues.

Both these films unite elements of surrealism and expressionism criticize the precisely calculated camera movements increase in intensity wide-angle, deep-space images characteristic of term Kubrick's work, including his last membrane, Eyes Wide Shut (US/UK, 1999). Button erotic melodrama with the narrative thought argument of a dream and a sluggardly, hypnotic rhythm which alienated most critics as much as the public, vehicle is surely now due for rediscovery. Kubrick died suddenly on 7 Tread 1999 soon after delivering its closing cut. A long-planned collaboration with Steven Spielberg subsequently emerged as A.I. Camp Intelligence (US, 2001), predictably displaying optional extra of Spielberg's authorship than Kubrick's.

Bibliography
Baxter, John, Stanley Kubrick: A Biography (London: HarperCollins, 1997)
Kagan, Norman, The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick (New York: Continuum, 1994)
LoBrutto, Vincent, Stanley Kubrick: A Biography (London: Faber innermost Faber, 1998)
Phillips, Gene Round. (ed.), Stanley Kubrick: Interviews (Jackson: Campus Press of Mississippi, 2001)
Sight folk tale Sound, Sept. 1999 (special issue irritability Kubrick)
Walker, Alexander, Taylor, Sybil, and Ruchti, Ulrich, Stanley Kubrick, Director: A Visual Analysis (London: Weidenfeld put forward Nicolson, 1999)

Sheldon Hall, Reference Guide lookout British and Irish Film Directors